Maurizio Sarri's side shrugged off the frustration of their Coppa Italia final defeat to Napoli last week, Ronaldo setting them on their way from the penalty spot within the 23rd minute in their first top-flight game since March 8.
Dybala added an outstanding second before half-time, whipping into the highest corner from outside the penalty area, while Ronaldo and Federico Bernardeschi came on the brink of adding further goals after the interval before Danilo was sent off in stoppage time.
The result moves the reigning champions four points beyond Lazio at the Serie A summit, although Simone Inzaghi's side will have the prospect to chop the gap back to at least one point once they visit Atalanta on Wednesday.
Juve started on the front foot, with Ronaldo forcing Lukasz Skorupski into a sensible stop inside the opening 10 minutes.
The forward got the higher of the Bologna goalkeeper midway through the opening period, though, slotting down the center from the penalty spot after a VAR review deemed that Stefano Denswil pulled Matthijs de Ligt's shirt from a corner.
The visitors doubled their advantage in sumptuous style nine minutes before the break, Dybala sweeping into the highest corner from 20 yards after an outstanding backheeled flick by Bernardeschi.
Ronaldo prodded wide shortly after the restart when clean through, while Bernardeschi crashed a 20-yard effort against the post moments later.
Juve were content to play out the last half at a pedestrian pace, though a Ronaldo effort fizzed past the post.
Ronaldo then saw a late strike ruled out for offside, while substitute Danilo received his marching orders in stoppage time after learning a second booking for a foul on Musa Juwara.
What does it mean? Bianconeri back to their bes
Juve had did not score in both of their Coppa Italia matches since returning to action following the lengthy absence caused by the coronavirus pandemic.
They were back to their ruthless best against Sinisa Mihajlovic's side, however, putting the sport to bed by half-time because of Ronaldo and a sublime strike from Dybala.
Dybala too hot to handle
The Argentina international was a couple for the Bologna defence throughout, bamboozling them with incisive movement and an array of smart touches. His eighth league goal of the season was one to savour.
Bologna rue Denswil's lapse
The hosts' diligence keeping Juve cornered was undone by a flash of madness from Denswil. His tug on De Ligt's shirt was unnecessary and proved costly when Ronaldo put away the penalty.
- Juventus have won 13 of their last 14 encounters against Bologna in Serie A (D1), keeping nine clean sheet during this run.
- Bologna have conceded for 22 consecutive games within the top flight for the primary time in their history.
- Dybala and Ronaldo have played 68 games together altogether competitions: however this is often only the third time they need scored within the same match (previously v Frosinone in February 2019 and v Sampdoria in December 2019).
- Ronaldo is now the leading Portuguese goal scorer in Serie A (43 goals), overtaking Rui Costa.
What's next?
Sarri's side host struggling Lecce on Friday, while Bologna visit Sampdoria on Sunday.
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